F.R. Shanley, Weight-Strength Analysis of Aircraft Structures, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1952 (reprinted by Dover)
B. Saelman, “Effect of Wing Geometry on Volume and Weight,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, Vol. 29, No. 11, Nov. 1962, pp. 1390-1392.
B. Saelman, “Optimum Spacing of Shell Frames,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 1, No. 4, July-August 1964, pp. 219-220.
B. Saelman, “Supplementary Note on Effect of Wing Geometry on Volume and Weight,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 1, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1964, pp. 305-306.
B. Saelman, “Multitapered Wings,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 2, No. 4, July-Aug. 1964, pp. 348-349.
Hoak, D.E., et al, USAF Stability and Control Datcom, “Sec 8. Mass and Inertia,” Flight Control Division, Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, WPAFB, Ohio, 45433-0000, 1978, revised. Conceptual design estimating methods for structural components.
Peter York and Ray Labell, “Aircraft Wing Weight Build-Up Methodology with Modification for Materials and Construction Techniques,” NASA CR-166173, 1980.
Ronald A. Shinn, “Group Weight Estimation for the Advanced Scout Helicopter Design Study,” SAWE Paper 1445, May 1981. This paper provides relations for helicopter design.
Ira G. Hedrick, “A Second Estimate of Weight Empty by Components,” Introduction to Aerospace Engineering, MIT Class Notes, Mar. 29, 1982. This documents many of the weight estimating formulas used in conceptual design at Grumman.
Sergei V. Udin and William J. Anderson, “A Method of Wing Mass Formula Derivation,” University of Michigan, Aerospace Engineering Report SM 90.1, Nov. 1990.
Sergei V. Udin and William J. Anderson, “The Complete Derivation of Wing Mass Formula for Twin Fuselage Aircraft,” University of Michigan, Aerospace Engineering Report SM 90.2, Nov. 1990.
Sergei V. Udin and William J. Anderson, “The Complete Derivation of Wing Mass Formula for Subsonic Aircraft,” University of Michigan, Aerospace Engineering Report SM 91.1, April 1991.
Paul W. Scott, “Developing Highly Accurate Empirical Weight Estimating Relationships: Obstacles and Tactics,” SAWE Paper 2091, May 1992. A very good paper containg an explanation of how to approach developing these types of relations as well as example equations and data.
Torenbeek, E., “Development and Application of a Comprehensive, Design-senstive Weight Prediction Method for Wing Structures of Transport Category Aircraft,” Report LR-693, Delft University of Technology, Sept. 1992.
Sergei V. Udin and William J. Anderson, “Wing Mass Formula for Subsonic Aircraft,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 29, No. 4, July-Aug. 1992, pp. 725-727.
Sergei V. Udin and William J. Anderson, “Wing Mass Formula for Twin Fuselage Aircraft,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 29, No. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1992, pp. 907-914
J. Wayne Burns, “Advanced Composites Sizing Guide For Preliminary Weights Estimates,” S.A.W.E. Journal, Fall 1992, pp.44-61.
Shevell, Richard S., Fundamentals of Flight, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1993, “Weight Estimation,” includes the Douglas wing Weight equation, pp. 390-394.
Ian O. MacConochie, “Measuring Moments of Inertia of Aircraft and Spacecraft,” SAWE Paper 2126, May 1993.
Patrick M. Mitchell, “Advanced Finite Element Weight Estimation Process on the High Speed Civil Transport,” SAWE Paper No. 2169, May 1993.
Paul W. Scott, “Conceptual Estimation of Moments of Inertia,” SAWE Paper No. 2171, May 1993.
Anthony R. Read, “Stretching an Aircraft-A Case Study,” SAWE Paper No. 2165, May 1993. This is an account of the weight growth and balance history of the Canadair Regional Jet, starting from the Challenger Executive Jet.
J. Wayne Burns, “Introduction to Stealth Technology and Stealth Aircraft Weight Penalties,” SAWE Journal, Fall 1993, pp.40-58.
G.E. Mabson, B.W. Flynn, and L.B. IIcewicz, and D.L. Graesser, “The Use of COSTADE in Developing Composite Commercial Aircraft Fuselage Structures,” AIAA Paper 94-1492, Mar. 1994. Possibly this should also be included in the cost section above. It demonstrates the close connection between cost, design and manufacturing, and the Boeing attempt to develop tools to reduce cost.
Edward Davis, “Center of Gravity Envelope Development, 747-400F,” SAWE Paper 2220, May 1994. This paper covers all the cg limits and the reason for them. Along the way the author includes many incidental details. A little hard to read at first, but worth the effort.
X. Huang, R.T. Haftka, B. Grossman and W.H. Mason, “Comparison of Statistical- based Weight Equations with Structural Optimization for Supersonic Transport Wings,” AIAA Paper 94-4379, Panama City, Fl., September 1994.
Mark R. Jardin and Eric R. Mueller, “Optimized Measurements of Unmanned-Air-Vehicle Mass Moment of Inertia with a Bifilar Pendulum,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 46, No. 3, May-June 2009, pp. 763-775. This paper has a good survey of previous methods, and uses some of the features in MatLab to make the calculation.
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direct comments and suggestions to W.H. Mason, whmason@vt.edu